Hydrostatic scale or educational appliance.



E. J BLOOD.

EYDROSTATIG SCALE OR EDUCATIONAL APPLIANCE.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 25,1908.

Patented Aug. 24, 1909.

2 SHEETSSHEET 1.

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E. J. BLOOD. HYDBOSTATIG SCALE 0R EDUCATIONAL APPLIANCE,

APPLICATION FILED MAY 25, 1908.

Patented Aug. 24, 1909.

v 2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

llllllllli UNITED STATES PATENT OFFTOE.

EDWIN J. BLOOD, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS.

HYDROSTA'IIC SCALE OR EDUCATIONAL APPLIANCE.

To aZZ witom it may concern:

Be it known that i, EDWIN J. BLooD, a citizen of the United States,residing at Chicago, in the county of Cook and State of Illinois, haveinvented certain new and useful Improvements in Hydrostatic Scales orEducational Appliances, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to improvements in an apparatus whereby theleverage power of weight is counterbalanced by the expelling force ofliquid in such a manner thatthese two forces increase and decreasesimultaneously and alternately, when the working parts of the device aremoved, and by the operation of which one can determine accuately thedifference in the specific gravity of liquids and compounds of liquidand demonstrate the expelling force of different liquids.

The object of the invention is to provide a device of the above-namedcharacter, which shall be simple and inexpensive in construction,efficient in operation, and so made that certain parts thereof may beadjusted with respect to other parts or elements of the appliance toaccomplish certain results under different conditions.

The invention consists of a pulley and le ver hung 011 a single bearingadapted to be operated by hand power or other suitable means, and whichis constructed so to oscillate through a path or movement of aboutninety degrees of a circle. The oscil lation in one direction changesthe lever from a horizontal position to a perpendicular position, andthe reverse oscillation throws the lever back again from an uprightposition to a horizontal position. Thus, a weight near the outer end ofthe lever, when carried from a point nearly on a level with the bearingof the lever to a position nearly or directly over the bearing, or, inother words, from the point of its greatest leverage power to a positionwhere it practically has no leverage power, must by this movement, fromthe start of the oscillation, gradually decrease in leverage power untilit reaches the limit of the oscillation, where its leverage power isexhausted, or very nearly exhausted. But, from the start of the next andreverse oscillation the weight in being carried from a position nearlydirectly over the bearing (to the greatest distance it can reach or getfrom a plumb line drawn Specification of Letters Patent.

Application filed May 25, 1908.

Patented Aug. 24L, 1909.

Serial no. asesio.

through the bearing) gradually increases in its leverage power to theend of the oscillation. Thus, with every oscillation of the pulley andlever, the weightmoves with either increasing or decreasing leveragepower. When the weight is rising its leverage power decreases; whenfalling, its leverage power increases. On the opposite side of thebearing, from the lever which sustains the weight referred to, issuspended (over a vat containing liquid) a body which is both a weightand a plunger, and which is termed a plunger, and by means of a cord orbelt this plunger is attached to the pulley referred to which isconnected to the lever and bearing; The plunger is of suiticient weightto maintain a tension on the cord or belt when it is immersed to thelowest point it reaches in the liquid, but the plunger when at thislowest point is preferably notentirely immersed.

lVhen the pulley and lever oscillate in the direction which causes theweight to rise, the plunger descends into the liquid and as the plungeris gradually immersed its leverage power on the pulley graduallydecreases. At the same time the leverage power of the rising weightdecreases also, as it draws near the limit of its oscillation to a pointnearly over the bearing, in which position the lever age power of theweight is nearly exhausted, and at the same time, the plunger hasdescended into the liquid to the greatest depth it can reach and itsleverage power is also nearly exhausted. By the next or reverseoscillation, the weight is gradually carried down away from over thebearings with increasing leverage power to a point nearly on a levelwith the bearing, to the point of its greatest leverage power, and atthe same time the plunger was moving up out of the liquid, its leveragepower on the pulley increasing simultaneously and at the same ratio thatthe leverage power of the weight increased on the lever when falling.The change of the leverage power of the plunger on the pulley is causedby the action on the plunger by the expelling force of the liquid atdifferent depths. The change of the leverage power of the weight on thelever is caused by the difierent angles assumed by the lever in itsmovement through about ninety degrees of a circle.

In each oscillation of the combined pulley and lever, the plunger andweight move in opposite directions. When the weight is made .to rise,the plunger is made to fall. Then the weight is made to fall, theplunger is made to rise. When the weight rises, its leverage powergradually decreases, and by the same oscillation the leverage power ofthe plunger decreases also as it descends into the liquid. \Vhen theoscillation makes the weight fall its leverage power increases. The sameoscillation increases the leverage power of the plunger as it rises outof the liquid.

The expelling force of the liquid on the plunger counteracts theleverage power of the weight, and when the plunger and weight areproperly adjusted, the equilibrium of the lever and pulley on thebearing is maintained, but the slightest change in r the specificgravity of the liquid consequently affects and changes the expellingpower of the liquid on the plunger, and any difference or change made inthe liquid is shown on an indicator. The extension on the pulley towhich the weight is attached is only a matter of convenience resultingin reduction of weight. Without' the extension, the pulley can serve inthe capacity of a lever on the side of the bearing to which the weightis attached, and on the opposite side of the hearing it serves as pulleyin operating the plunger.

In the accompanying drawings, which serve to illustrate theinventionFigure 1 is a View in side elevation partly in section of ahydro-static scale or educational appliance, embodying one form of theinvention; Fig. 2 is a face view of the combined lever and pulleydetached from its support; Fig. 3 is a fragmental plan view of a portionof the combined lever and pulley, showing the means for mounting thesame; Fig. 4: is a face View of a modified construction of the combinedlever and pulley; Fig. 5 is a plan view of said modification; Fig. 6 isa detached perspective view of another modified form of the combinedlever and pulley; and Figs. 7 and 8 are views in elevation of modifiedforms of the plunger.

Like letters of reference, refer to corresponding parts throughout thedifferent views of the drawings.

A designates the body. of the combined pulley and lever which is mountedon a bear ing B which is supported between two uprights C on a standardH mounted near a vat or tank J adapted to contain liquid G of anysuitable kind. The bearing B passes through a central opening in thebody A,

- which opening has radiating therefrom a series of slots Z) for theadjustment of the body on the bearing. On each side of the body A andsurrounding the bearing B is a washer a which washers are clampedagainst the sides of the element A by means of nuts a on the bearing.

E designates an adjustable weight on the extension Y of the combinedlever and pulley, which has secured thereto at one of itsends a cord orbelt S which operates on the periphery of the pulley A. Attached to theother end of the cord or belt S is a combined weight and plunger D whichis suspended from the pulley by the cord or belt so that when the pulleyis operated by hand power or otherwise the combined weight and plunger Dwill be lowered into or rise out of the liquid G in the tank J, which islocated at a suitable point below the said plunger.

I is the base upon which rests the support H and vat J which containsthe liquid Gr.

X-X are adjustable sections of the periphery of the pulley connectedwith the lever, and which is part of the combination of the pulley andlever A. These adjustable sections assist in establishing a uniformbalance between the expelling force of the liquid exerted on thecombined weight and plunger D and the leverage power of the weight Esecured to extension Y of lever and pulley A.

K-K are stops at the terminals of the oscillations of the pulley andlever A, by which the amplitude of the oscillations is regulated, andwhich oscillations are limited to about ninety degrees of a circle whichsaid terminals partially describe when in operation.

In Figs. 4 and 5 is shown a modification in the construction of thecombined lever and pulley, which consists in supporting the adjustableweight E on a rod which extends from the bearing B to the periphery ofthe body A, and is suitably supported at each of its ends on said bodyand hearing. In this modification the body A has, in addition to theradial slots Z), a number of openings 0 in which the bearing can beplaced when it is desired to adjust the combined lever and pulleythereon.

In Fig. 6 is shown still another modification of the combined lever andpulley, in which a segmental piece A forms the body and is mounted onthe bearing B, while the adjustable weight E is mounted on a rod whichextends from the bearing, as shown.

In Figs. 7 and 8 I have shown modified forms of the combined weight andplunger, which may sometimes be used in lieu of the construction shownin Fig. 1 of the drawings.

When the weight E is at its lowest point of descent and nearly on alevel with the bearing B, and at or very near the lower stop K, it thenexerts its greatest leverage power, and the combined weight and plungerD is at the same time exert-ing its greatest leverage power because atits highest elevation and hence less affected by the expelling force ofthe liquid than it is at any other position or level it takes during themovement of the pulley and lever A when oscillated. Hence, both theplunger D and weight E, when in the positions just referred to, exerttheir greatest leverage power, and which, by reason of the adjustment ofthe lever and pulley A by bearing B and sections XX, are about equal. Afurther movement of the lever A from the position it is in, when weightE is at its lowest point of descent, involves the rising of the weight Eto a point nearly over the bearing B, and as it passes through theninety degrees of a circle it gradually loses its leverage power at thesame rate that the leverage power of the combined weight and plunger Ddecreases as it is lowered into the liquid G by the same oscillation ofthe lever A which raised the weight E. Thus, the adjustment of thebearing B and sections XX is to make the leverage power of weight E andthe expelling power of the liquid (at, exerted on the combined weightand plunger D, counteract and balance each other during the oscillationsof the lever Y and pulley A. To continue the oscillation of the lever Yand pulley A, when the weight E is at its highest point directly overthe bearing B, involves the falling of the weight E from a positionwhere its leverage power is but a trifle, it being almost directly overbearing B, and when weight E is in this position, the plunger and weightD is immersed in'liquid G to such an extent that its leverage power isreduced to the same amount of leverage power possessed by weight E, andas weight E again descends, by reason of the oscillation of the leverand pulley A, its leverage power gradually increases until it arrives ata point nearly on a level with the bearing B, where it again possessesit greatest leverage power, and while it was falling to this positionand gradually increasing its leverage power, the plunger D was alsobeing raised out of the liquid and thereby its leverage power was beingincreased on the pulley and lever A gradually and at the same ratio thatthe leverage power of weight E increased. hen the changing leveragepower of both the plunger which is on the pulley and the weight which ison the lever are nicely adjusted, it will be seen that to change thespecific gravity of the liquid would at once affect the expelling forceexerted on the plunger and thereby disturb the equilibrium of the leveron the bearing, and the extent of the disturbance would be shown by theindicator. Thus, by this device, it is possible to compare liquids andtest their expelling force.

R designates a means of drawing the liquid from vat J, and L anindicator by which any change made in the specific gravity of the liquidin the vat will be shown on the scale L and which will also show theexpelling force of difierent liquids. This device permits a comparisonof the expelling force of difi'erent liquids to be made.

To adjust the pulley and levers to an equilibrium, when one quality ofliquid is in the vat, then to draw this liquid off and put the samequantity of another quality of liquid in, the diiierence of theirexpelling force would be shown by the register or indicator.

When the combined pulley and lever is in the position shown in Fig. 1the weight on the lever side of the combined pulley and lever is nearlyon a level with its bearing, at which point it possesses its greatestleverage power and is at the lower terminal of oscillation. The plungerweight on the pulley side of said lever is also at the pointwhere itpossesses its greatest leverage power and is at its highest terminal ofoscillation. When the said two weights are in the positions referred tothey are balanced on the bearing of the said combined lever and pulley.It is evident that the said plunger weight, in dropping in the manner ofa rectilinear movement, would throw the weight, which is on the leverside of the said combined lever and pulley, to an upright position withgreat force if the plunger weight was permitted to drop without meetingresistance. This device provides resistance which can be regulated, andby which the gradual lossof the leverage power of the falling plungerweight as it enters the liquid may be slow or quick, and made tocorrespond to the rapidity with which the weight on the lever side ofthe said lever is, at the same time losing its leverage power. Thisregulation which causes the loss of the leverage power of the plungerweight to correspond with the loss of the leverage power of the weighton the lever side of said lever, in its upward movement, is done bymeans of the adjustable bearing and by the proper forming and loading ofthe plunger weight. In moving the said lever from the balanced positionreferred to, the weight on the lever side of said lever moves upward,the plunger weight on the pulley side of said lever moves downward, theplunger as it proceeds down into the liquid is, if properly regulated,being gradually deprived of its leverage power on the pulley side ofsaid lever at a certain rate which can be regulated and which can bemade to correspond to the loss of leverage power of the weight on thelever side of the said lever. Notwithstanding that, during the saidoscillation the plunger weight on the pulley side of said lever, isbeing operated in the manner of a rectilinear movement, immersion isgradually taking its weight off of the pulley and it is being graduallymore and more sustained by the liquid as it descends into it, and, bythe same oscillation, the weight on the lever side of said lever isbeing gradually deprived of its leverage power as it is made to come toa position nearly directly over the bearing on which it is beingoscillated, and by a reverse oscillation each of the said weightssimultaneously gain leverage power until reaching the end of saidoscillation.

The movement of the combined lever and pulley is regulated so that whenthe weight attached to its lever end has reached the terminal of theoscillation, which carries it to a point nearly directly over itsbearing, the leverage power of the said weight has, during the saidoscillation, been reduced about ninety-nine per cent. The plunger weight011 the pulley side of said lever has been, during the said oscillation,lowered into the liquid to an extent which has reduced its leveragepower about ninety-nine per cent. also. This movement and device, tooperate the two said weights whereby they each lose and gain leveragepower simultaneously and alternately by the said oscillations, is noveland valuable as an educa tional appliance.

Having thus fully described my lnvention,

what I claim as new, and desire to secure by 25 Letters-Patent, is

In an apparatus of the character described, the combination with asupport, of a bearing journaled "in the upper portion of the support, apulley element having means for 30 adjustably mounting it on the bearingand provided with adjustable sections at its periphery, a leverconnected to said pulley element, a weight adjustable on said lever, a

combined plunger and weight connected to 35 the pulley element, and aliquid containing vessel. located near the support and beneath

